德语翻译常见什么错误？

　　任何语种翻译的的学习都需要一个慢慢成长的过程，过程中总会遇到问题，今天本翻译公司带大家了解分享德语翻译常见什么错误?

　　The learning of any language translation needs a slowly growing process, and there will always be problems in the process. Today, our translation company will share with you the common mistakes in German translation?

　　1、译不好需要意译的词或表达

　　1. A word or expression that requires free translation

　　意译是德语翻译(德汉或汉德两种翻译都不例外)中用得最多，也是最难掌握的翻译方法、技巧之一，因此也是初学翻译最容易出错的地方

　　Free translation is one of the most frequently used and the most difficult translation methods and skills in German translation (both German Chinese and Chinese German translation are no exception), so it is also the most likely place for beginners to make mistakes in translation

　　2、长句译不好

　　2. Poor translation of long sentences

　　长句是德语的一大特点，特别是在某些带有一定学术性的报刊文章和专业学术论著中。“长句译不好”主要存在两个问题:①关系分不清;②译文未摆平。

　　Long sentences are a major feature of German, especially in some academic newspaper articles and professional academic works. There are two main problems in "poor translation of long sentences": first, the relationship is not clear; second, the translation is not balanced.

　　3、“缺词“译不好

　　3. Poor translation of "missing words"

　　什么是“缺词”?德语表达为:fehlende W?rter。这是指在原语中有，而在译语中没有，翻译时，必须进行“增词”或“引申”等处理的词或表达。

　　What is "missing words"? German expression: fehlende w? Rter. This refers to words or expressions that exist in the source language but not in the target language and must be treated as "adding words" or "extending" during translation.

　　4、虚拟式译法死板

　　4、 Rigid virtual translation

　　德语有虚拟式，汉语中没有，而是通过特定的词来表达虚拟的意义。其原因主要是:①没有掌握德语虚拟式具有多种多样的含义;②不知道汉语中表达虚拟式也有多种多样的的手段。

　　German has a virtual form, not in Chinese, but through specific words to express the meaning of virtual. The main reasons are as follows: ① there are many meanings in German; ② there are many ways to express it in Chinese.

　　5、口语句少有口语味

　　5. Oral sentences are seldom colloquial

　　翻译口语句的关键是要译出口语味。初学德语翻译的主要问题是:译不出口语味，所以，译文就不生动、不上口。

　　The key to translating spoken sentences is to translate the taste of the spoken language. The main problem of the translation of the first German learners is that the translation does not export the flavor of the language, so the translation is not vivid and eloquent.

　　6、被动态使用不当

　　6. Improper dynamic use

　　德、汉两种语言中都有被动态。但汉语的被动态有时很隐藏，德语中的被动态一般都比较清楚。所以，在翻译德语被动态时，学译者往往用“被”字，是被动句结构死板。实际上，德语中的某些被动态可以译成主动态，很多被动句翻译时可以不用“被”字。

　　There are passive dynamics in both German and Chinese languages. But Chinese is sometimes very dynamic hidden, German is generally more clear. Therefore, when translating German, the translator often uses the word "Bei", which is a passive sentence structure. In fact, some of the passive sentences in German can be translated into active ones, and many passive sentences can be translated without the word "be".

　　7、定语从句翻译不灵活

　　7. Inflexible translation of attributive clauses

　　定语从句是德语中使用最多的从句，因此，意义最多、用法也最复杂。初学翻译定语从句的问题主要是两个:关系词译不好和译法死板，把起非定语作用的定语从句一概译成定语或定语从句。翻译定语从句有什么经验和技巧。

　　Attributive clause is the most frequently used clause in German, so it has the most meaning and the most complicated usage. There are two main problems in the initial study of translating attributive clauses: the poor translation of relative words and the rigid translation method. What are the experience and skills in translating attributive clauses.

　　8、错译省略句

　　8. Mistranslation of ellipsis

　　什么叫“省略句”?就是省略了句子成分的句子。这也是德语的一个特点。由于德语基本功的关系，初学翻译者往往不能准确理解原文究竟省略了什么，所以造成错译。这类句子的结构大多是:前面是一个副词或形容词，再加一个逗号就构成一个主句，后面用关系词引出一个完整的从句。

　　What is ellipsis? A sentence that omits the elements of a sentence. This is also a characteristic of German. Due to the basic skills of German, beginners often can't understand exactly what is omitted in the original text, which results in mistranslation. This kind of sentence structure is mostly: the front is an adverb or adjective, plus a comma to form a main sentence, followed by a relative word to lead to a complete clause.

　　9、大数词译错

　　9. Errors in the translation of large numbers

　　由于德语和汉语表达数词(字)方面的差异，主要是大数词(字)单位的不同。初学翻译者在翻译大的德语数词时。容易出现差错。当然，也有可能是出于粗心，看错了原文的数词。如把1791年错写成:1971年。希望初学翻译者在翻译大数词时。要做到“小心“和“细心”，可以像小学生那样。把德语大数词用0一位数一位数地写在草稿纸上，这样就能看得一清二楚，也就不会译错了。

　　Due to the differences in the expression of numerals (characters) between German and Chinese, it is mainly the differences in the units of large numerals (characters). Learning how to translate large German numerals. Error prone. Of course, it may also be due to carelessness and wrong reading of the original number words. For example, 1791 was wrongly written as: 1971. I hope to learn how to translate large numbers. To be "careful" and "careful", you can be like a primary school student. Write the German numeral in 0-digit on the rough paper, so that you can see it clearly, and you can't translate it wrong.

　　10、选错释义

　　10. Wrong choice interpretation

　　初学翻译者在选择释义时，往往不能从原文和译文的上下文仔细考虑，斟酌措辞，选择较为贴切的释义。查阅德汉词典时，常出现生搬硬套释义的情况。有的甚至匆匆一看开头的某个释义，不加分析思考。就写进了译文，结果出了错，有的甚至是出了很大的“洋相”。这是翻译经验不足造成的错误。因为“贴切释义”是初学翻译的一大难点。

　　When choosing the interpretation, the first-time translators often can't carefully consider the context of the original text and the target text, consider the wording, and choose the more appropriate interpretation. When consulting German and Chinese dictionaries, there are often cases of mechanically interpreting. Some even look at some explanation at the beginning in a hurry, without analysis and thinking. I wrote it into the translation, but it turned out to be wrong, some even made a big "foreign appearance". This is a mistake caused by lack of translation experience. Because "appropriate interpretation" is a big difficulty for beginners to learn translation.

中译国际翻译（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.